Fed Acts to Fix Jobs Market Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fed Acts to Fix Jobs Market - Article Example Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, this move would urge the people to spend more in buying commodities, investments and exports. The Federal Reserve has given its commitment to this program until the job market scenario in the US improves. This move has resulted in heavy investments in the stock market, gold and other such assets and the Dow Jones average for industries reached a new high after a similar rise in 2007. However, this announcement has resulted in a price hike for basic commodities such as oil that has created unease among the people who fear an impending rise in basic essentials. Though the present program is considerably less compared to the $1.25 trillion and $600 billion bond-buying programs which were launched in 2009 and 2010 respectively, the Federal Reserve has further announced that the current program could be extended to buy agency-mortgage securities and other assets if no major improvement is seen in the job market. Though this move has been criticized as being less aggressive by academics and economists, the central bank chairman has argued that the Federal Reserve is doing its best to stimulate the economy and also the present program could be further extended if and when required. The Federal Reserve has mainly aimed its program on those who have been out of employment and are in need of economic security until they find employment. In his address to the media, Mr. Bernanke noted that the longer people are out of work the harder it is to find another job as their work experience is at stake. The central bank has also announced that it would co ntinue its Operation Twist program through which it would buy treasury bonds amounting to $45 billion every month which will be used to fund the mortgage purchases. And if the economic situation does not improve significantly it has proposed to purchase treasury bonds through money printing in addition to purchasing mortgages. In addition it also plans to keep short-term

Management Contracting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Management Contracting - Essay Example Furthermore, it is considered that using the design and build approach tends to produce projects that are poorly adapted to complex technical or aesthetic requirements (Quatman & Dhar, 2003). Additionally it is argued that the design and build approach fails to utilise competitive bidding so that prospective builders might bid on the very same design. The selection criteria for contractors is often subjective and becomes hard to justify in the later stage of the project (Broyles, 2011). In contrast research has shown that the design and build approach provides projects 33.5% faster than projects built using the separate design and build approaches. In addition the same research has highlighted that the design and build approach allows 12% faster construction along with a 6.1% lower unit cost (Construction Industry Institute, 1998). 2. NEC3 Approach The New Engineering Contract (NEC) is a formal system of contracting adopted by the Institution of Civil Engineers which provides guideli nes for drafting various kinds of documents for construction projects. These documents relate in general to obtaining tenders as well as awarding and administering different kinds of contracts (Gerard, 2005). In legal terms these prescribe the duties and responsibilities of Employers and Contractors through the Works Information (Brook, 2004). In itself the Works Information comprises of the Contract Data part one which details the Data provided by the Employer as well as the Contract Data part two which details the Data provided by the Contractor. The flexibility provided by this contracting approach makes it a popular choice as it provides the Employer and the Contractor with a number of choices for contracting... This essay describes the management contracting, that recently has diversified the approach to contracting in a number of ways. Employers today may choose to use any types of contracts in order to deal with design, building, procurement and other aspects of construction. Typically it is up to the requirements of the individual build to define the most suitable form of contract. The current situation at hand requires that a flagship store be built for a high value client. This indicates that the build needs to provide the client with a fresh and innovative design. There might be chances that the unique design would require special expertise in modern construction techniques. Therefore, it could be surmised that the required building requires innovation in both the design and construction phases. The different options available to the client are presented in the essay including the design and build approach as well as the NEC3 approach to discern a fitting solution for the issue. In co nclusion, the researcher states that for the case of the customer being discussed it would be highly appropriate to suggest a NEC3 framework based contract. The design contract should be well separated from the construction contract in order to ensure that the best possible Designers and Contractors bid for both aspects of the project. This in itself will ensure competition and better results, the use of the NEC3 framework design and build fronts will ensure that cooperation is promoted along with a sustainable working relationship.

Internet Pornography Influences For Social Issues Information Technology Essay

Internet Pornography Influences For Social Issues Information Technology Essay Internet is the most popular and resourceful source available in the modern world to gather and share information. According to the World Bank indicators, there are 30 internet users for every 100 people of the world. Following is a chart of the growth of internet users over the years. Source: Trading Economics, 2012 When considering about these statistics, it clearly describes that the internet users have been highly increased over the past few years. According to the Mobile Internet research of Stanley Morgan (2009), mobile internet users have been increased in massively over the past years and passed the desktop internet users. This clearly describes that most of the people use their mobile phones or tablet computers to access internet. This has been increased with the mobile phone technology. After the release of smart phones, many people have used their mobile phones to access internet. Theres a saying that internet is like double edged sword, this means that theres good and bad in internet. So its up to the users to use internet in appropriate manner. Most of the internet users use internet for inappropriate things. Pornography can be described as an example of using internet in inappropriate manner. According to the article of The internet porn epidemic: By the numbers (The Week, 2010) 43% of the internet users are addicted to the pornography. When considering about this fact, mobile phone is the major consideration for this issue, because nowadays many people use mobile phones to access these porn sites. This problem has arisen in many countries and grown over the past few years. Most governments facing this problem and theyre trying new methods to reduce this pornography addiction of their country people. This pornography issue has spread many social, ethical, legal and professional issues in every region all over the world. Mobile phonography has been grown recently with the release of the smart phones and tablet computers. These kind of mobile devices introduced with improved technologies such as HSDPA, 3G, 4G, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing enhanced internet access which allowed users to connect internet with high speed. This new trend widely opened the mobile users to the internet. A person who can afford a simple mobile phone allowed to access internet with low data charges. This improvement of the technology somewhat caused the people to addict pornography. Internet has been described as the best way of distributing pornography. So it has been distributed in various types over the internet such as websites, streaming sites, peer-to-peer file sharing, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. There are so many websites in the internet showing pornography related things. According to the Internet Pornography Statistics (Top Ten Reviews, 2006), there are over 4.2 million websites and 420 million web pages on the internet. Another major consideration of pornography is streaming web sites. These types of websites allow users to view videos online without downloading. This facility attracted lots of people to the pornography, because most of the people search for this pornography contents in secret and this is the best way to view these types of contents without any problem. These streaming websites are now becoming popular day by day. This issue has been grown with the technology and the internet speed. When considering about the social issues, this pornography contents have spread many social issues all over the world. The biggest among them is family problems. According to the The effects of pornography on individuals, marriage, family and community research which has been done by Mr.Patrick F. Fagan demonstrates that the many married couples children face for different kinds of difficulties problems due to the Internet Pornography. One of the major problems is psychological damage to the lives of the married couples. Most of the wives of the pornography addicted people have been victimized with deep psychological damage (Fagan P.F, 2009). According to the Mr.Patrick F. Fagan, most of the wives come up with Feelings of loss, mistrust, devastation betrayal anger after getting known about the online sexual activities of their partners. And also when wives get to know that their husbands view pornography, they become harshly depressed and may feel unattractive or sexually inadequa te. Another social issue is sexual violence. There are so many sexual violence contents in the internet which can be viewed free. After watching these contents, people try to use sexual violence when they make love with their partners and some people use objects without the will of their partners. According to the Mr.Patrick F. Fagans research mentioned above, this sexual violence leads to marital dissatisfaction, temporary separation, and divorce. The major social issue in pornography is fake contents. When it comes to the mobile phones and tablet computers, many people take photographs or videos of beautiful girls, boys and change them using software with new technologies which are in built in the modern mobile phones. Then these fake photographs or videos being uploaded and shared through social networking sites such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Hi5. This is a big social issue which makes people so embarrassed and even the governments finding solutions for this matter by adding and changing government laws. This is a huge issue when considering about the peoples privacy. This mobile internet growth and the pornography have made so much affect for the day to day life of people. Most of these fake contents are created by the people who watch pornography. They collect these pictures, videos mostly from the online social networking profiles. Another social issue is uploading private sexual activities to the internet. When considering about this matter, some people upload their sexual activities in social networking sites, streaming sites, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This affects to the privacy of their partner because most of them doesnt know that these contents have been uploaded to the internet. Sometimes these situations make these people to take suicide decisions. Apart from that raping and the affection to the children are the other major social issues which are combined with pornography. The article Web pornographys effect on children (American Psychological Association, 2007) describes that Each year about 40 percent of teens and preteens visit sexually explicit sites either deliberately or accidentally. When considering about this article statistics, the mobile internet can be taken as the major reason for this pornography addiction, because nowadays most of the teens and preteens use mobile devices. This article describe s that the average age of first internet pornography exposure is 11 years. Its very clear that the minds of the children are not developed as adults, so the children can be easily misguided through these porn contents. When it comes to the professional issues, the major consideration is celebrity scandals. This can be described as a significant matter, because sometimes this helps to increase the popularity of the celebrity. Most of these scandals are being released by paparazzi reporters. This is a major issue when considering about the term privacy. Another main professional issue is professional porn movies, awards and rankings. There are some websites and award ceremonies which ranks the top porn movie stars and sex tapes. This can be taken as the professional issue, because people are participating for these sex movies as their profession. There are many sex tape jobs available on the internet. Any person can simply register for this kind of job where theres no academic qualifications required and also can get paid well. The cybersex jobs which are mostly known as webcam jobs are the next issue of this topic. There are many websites which provide cybersex facilities and mostly they consist with image galleries of girls. A person who pays the money through the website can enjoy a live nude web cam show of a selected girl. There are people who watch pornography contents within the office time. When it comes to the privacy, sometimes more than one person uses the same computer. So if a single person viewed porn contents, theres a possibility that the others may also exposed as porn addicts. Nowadays most of the companies have banned most of the pornography websites. But the problem is people use their mobile devices to access these pornography contents and this issue affects the employers in so many ways. When considering about the ethical issues which arise by the internet pornography, pregnant sex videos, videos faking nuns and monks, fake contents and spy camera videos are the major issues these days. There are many sex videos of pregnant ladies available on the internet and also there are many porn contents which faking nuns and monks. These contents arise many security and privacy issues. When considering about the privacy in ethical pornography issues, spy camera videos are the main problem. There are so many video clips and pictures taken from the spy cameras. Most of these clips were taken in bathrooms, honeymoon suites, fit-on rooms, public washrooms, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These contents violate the privacy of the other people. When it comes to the subcontinent countries like Sri Lanka, most of the people have killed themselves after knowing that they have been exposed. These video clips and pictures are mostly recoded and captured using mobile devices, because they come up with built-in cameras and internet access. When it comes to the legal issues, pornography is illegal in Sri Lanka according to the Obscene Publications Ordinance of 1983 in Sri Lanka. A citizen who involved in pornography can be imprisoned or fined. In late 2011, Sri Lanka government banned most of the porn sites for the citizens. This decision raised lots of privacy problems, because even an adult couldnt access porn contents. This decision somewhat caused of increasing sexual abuses in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lanka police have the authority of taking into custody of a person who travels holding sexual contents, even inside the mobile phone. Child pornography is another legal issue which is illegal in many countries. According to the United Kingdom law, child pornography will violate the Protection of Children Act 1978, Section 160 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 as well according to the Sri Lankan Law child pornography will be violating of the National child protection authority act, no. 50 of 1998. Considering recommendations to overcome these issues, establishing various acts and strict laws would be much helpful. And also educating the children about sex and related topics and conducting awareness programs will somewhat reduce these discussed issues.

Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire

Many different depictions of gender roles exist in all times throughout the history of American culture and society. Some are well received and some are not. When pitted against each other for all intents and purposes of opposition, the portrayal of the aspects and common traits of masculinity and femininity are separated in a normal manner. However, when one gender expects the other to do its part and they are not satisfied with the results and demand more, things can shift from normal to extreme fairly quickly. This demand is more commonly attributed by the men within literary works. Examples of this can be seen in Tennessee Williams' â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, where Stella is constantly being pushed around and being abused by her drunken husband Stanley, and also in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, where the female narrator is claimed unfit by her husband as she suffers from a sort of depression, and is generally looked down on for other reasons. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Gilman has carefully crafted her sentences and metaphors to instill a picture of lurid and creepy male oppression. The surface of the text contains clues about Gilman’s perceptions of the treatment and roles of women, the narrator stumbling over words like â€Å"phosphates†, her being uncertain whether the correct term was â€Å"phosphates or phosphites† (Gilman 1684), which clearly shows that in her time women had been overlooked in education and because for a time, only men had that privilege, they were able to learn what they had to in order to earn jobs, which is illustrated in her husband and her brother both being â€Å"a physician of high standing† (Gilman 1684). The character Gilman has set up has the qualities and traits of the Victorian woman... ...e. While â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† mainly touches on the treatment of women in Gilman's time and only majorly addresses how negative the reception was for them while the men of her world were well-respected individuals, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† makes a commentary on the gender roles of masculinity and femininity as a whole, including the two different portrayals of masculinity and how femininity was still generally looked down upon by American society in the late 1940s, unfortunately noting that not much had changed in the time between the stories passed. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. 1684-1695. Williams, Tennessee. "A Streetcar Named Desire." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. 2337-2398.

The US Acid Rain Program Environmental Sciences Essay

When we look around us we see that there has been a rapid addition in the figure of industries despite the fact that there has been a lessening in the handiness of scarce resources. The Global Gross Domestic Product per capita has addition 6 times since 1900, while in the same clip period the universe & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s population has grown 4 times. Due to increasing planetary demand, the importance of industries in our universe has been on the rise. In order to protect the environment and our universe from being over polluted it is of import that we find cost effectual ways to cut down the degree of pollution. The Acid Rain plan was initiated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) in the 1990s to cut down the degree of S dioxide and N oxides, the chief causes of acerb rain. This plan focuses on emanation caps whereby each industry or company is given a certain grant or allowance for the sum of fossil fuels they can fire and if they go over this degree so a heavy mulct of $ 2000 per ton would be imposed. The Acid Rain Program was established based on the rules that were set by the Clean Air Act of 1990. The Clean Air Act was implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency in order to cut down the degree of air pollution. The chief purpose of the Acid Rain plan was to cut down the degree of sulfur dioxide in the environment by 10 million dozenss and convey the degree of S dioxide down from 18.9 million dozenss in 1980 to about 8.95 million dozenss in 2000. This was to be done through emanation caps that focused on a lessening in the pollution caused by coal firing power workss. Companies and different industries could purchase the allowances from each other if their ingestion was higher than the allotted quota assigned to them. However, if that was non possible so they had to incur a heavy mulct.Problems Associated with Acid RainPollutants such as S dioxide and azotic oxides are known to be the chief ground behind the cause of acerb rain. It is imperative that in order to cut down acid rain, we decrease the figure of these pollutants. Acid rain is known to do many jobs with the acidification of lakes and rivers being the most outstanding. The lakes in the nor'-east of the United States have been greatly affected by acerb rain. The acidification of lakes leads to angle and works life being destroyed as they can non populate in acerb H2O. As of 2001, in over 100 lakes in Minnesota all the fish have died due to sourness. Apart from fish death, it besides leads to angle non being able to reproduce. These are some of the jobs caused by acid rain which is why it is highly of import to cut down the degree of sulfur dioxide in the environment so we can forestall sourness and protect the marine life. Apart from destructing sea life, acerb rain is known to hold a negative consequence on the trees around the universe. When acid rain occurs, the acerb seeps into the trees therefore forestalling the workss from taking in C dioxide. Due to miss of C dioxide, this leads to the workss non being able to execute photosynthesis which finally leads to workss deceasing. Germany has been greatly affected where in 1983, 34 % of braid were damaged by acid rain. Acid rain besides affects us in many ways. Breathing and lung jobs that affect kids and grownups is caused by acerb rain. Due to acid rain, every twelvemonth in the US there are 550 premature deceases and 1520 exigency room visits. This shows that it is of import to cut down acid rain as it has adversely affected the environment and the ambiance around us. [ Good background ; could spread out ] The Clean Air Act was introduced in 1963 by the United States Congress to cut down air pollution on a national degree. It was the first environmental jurisprudence that was introduced by the United States. Over the old ages at that place have been amendments and alterations made to the Clean Air Act based on the environmental jeopardies that have affected our environment such as acerb rain. A outstanding amendment was made in 1990 to take the effects of acerb rain into consideration. In the Clean Air Act of 1990, the alterations that were put into consequence were related to emanations merchandising whereby companies or workss were given inducements if they reduced pollution in this instance S dioxide, there were proviso made for ozone depletion and toxic air pollution. Apart from this, a new gasolene reformulation demand was besides set in order to command and at the same clip cut down the evaporative emanation from gasolene. The Acid Rain plan as mentioned above was implemented in order to diminish the sum of S dioxide in the environment. In order for this to go on, the jurisprudence that was to be imposed based on the Clean Air Act of 1990 was a two stage jurisprudence. Since the aim of cut downing sulfur dioxide could non be attained in one goes, it was broken down into two stages:Phase 1The Acid Rain plan allocated allowances based on a annual footing and the figure of allocated units was based on a method that was used by the EPA. The first stage of the two stage plan was from 1995 to 1999. The footing on which allowances or emanation caps were distributed was on the mean fuel ingestion that was used by companies from 1985 to 1987. The British thermic unit transition rate of 2.5 lbs of S dioxide per million lbs of fuel burnt was used. A major drawback of this stage was that many workss found it easy to obtain excess allowances. This could be done by through auctions where the allowances were sold to the bidder with the highest monetary value. Many workss that were allocated allowances in Phase 1 were allocated a much higher allowance than the sum they required. The EPA did this so that all the workss could fall in the plan as they had nil to lose. Firms would experience that there is no hazard involved in fall ining the plan which is why they would choose to be a portion of it. In 1995, the initial allotment was to be 5,550,231 allowances for 445 workss. Firms were awarded excess allowances for every excess ton of S dioxide they reduced beyond the bound imposed on them. The extra allowances that were granted to houses in 1995 were 3,193,850. The stage 1 of the Acid Rain Program was to last a period of 5 old ages. Many workss and houses took advantage of the excess allowances that could be granted and due to this the entire figure of allowances in 1999 was 16,618,112 which showed that houses were willing to aline themselves with the plan. [ Good ]Phase 2Phase 2 was the 2nd portion of the Acid Rain Program that began in the twelvemonth 2000. The sum of allowance that was granted to each works was based on their mean fuel ingestion from 1985 to 1987. The transition rate used this clip was 1.2 lbs of S dioxide per million lbs of fuel burnt. The sum of allowance that was granted to each works was reduced but there was an overall addition in the entire cap as many more workss had entered the plan, an extra 2262 units were made portion of the plan and with the addition in the figure of units, the entire allowance besides increased to 9,966,531 for the twelvemonth 2000. Many units took advantage of the banked allowances that were carried frontward from Phase 1 and this entire amounted to 21,583,540. Despite the entire allowances increasing due to the fact that many new units entered the plan, there was an overall lessening in the emanations granted to each unit. This figure is expected to diminish even more and the purpose of the Acid Rain Program is to cut down the entire sum of emanations to 8.95 million dozenss by 2010. The graph above shows how emanations have been relatively higher than the allowances allocated by the twelvemonth 2000. However at the same clip, the entire allowances that were allocated to each works plus the allowance that was banked is besides greater than the emanations demoing that the sum of the entire available allowance was much higher than required. As stage 2 continued to come on, banked allowances were finally used up and workss began to run the hazard of exceling their emanations bound. Since this carried heavy mulcts, it was imperative that companies that owned these sulfur dioxide breathing workss find a manner to cut down the S dioxide emitted into the environment. Many different methods were presented. Some of the most noteworthy 1s are:TechnologyThere were two chief engineerings available for workss to run into their emanations mark. A scrubber which is besides known as a fluke gas desulfurization system is one manner in which S dioxide could be reduced. This system is known to be really effectual as mentioned by the Environmental Investigation Agency in 1994 that the scrubber system or the flue gas desulfurization system is known to hold an efficiency rate of 85 % to 95 % . When taking a scrubber, companies have a figure of different scrubbers to take from whether it is a dry scrubber which produces a dry by merchandise or a wet scrubber which on the other manus produces a wet merchandise. Another manner in which engineering can be used to cut down S dioxide is by either fuel shift, intermixing or co-firing. Fuel shift is comparatively simple as you merely exchange to another coal that does non breathe S dioxide, blending is when you blend two different types of coal and co-firing is merely utilizing a coal and a fuel and so these two are blended together. It sounds easy when we say that we will merely exchange to a different coal or we will merely intermix two coals that we can happen but the existent issue and job prevarications in taking which coal, natural gas or fuel best suits your works and besides will follow with the demands set by the EPA. It is of import that when you decide to exchange to a another fuel, you use a coal that has a lower S content as non merely will it be better for the environment but it will besides assist you cut down the sum of S in the atmosphere therefore following the emanation cap allocated to you. When blend two types of coal it s of import that you blend high S and a low S coal. This is of import as it becomes easier for the workss to set to a smaller alteration that happens by intermixing two coals instead than fuel shift. Co-firing is besides a method that can be used but is non recommended as it is deemed really expensive.AllowancesAllowance is a method that was really popular during the first st age. As mentioned in the statistics above, we see that the figure of allowances allocated in Phase 1 that lasted from 1995 to 1999 were much higher than expected as EPA wanted many houses to fall in this plan. The fact that many workss were over allocated allowances meant that there was no trading that took topographic point between houses selling allowances to each other as each works had adequate allowance allotted to them. These banked allowances were used in ulterior old ages by workss and at the same clip they were following with the Acid Rain plan.RetirementsRetirement is when a works shuts down and can non be used any more. The workss that tend to utilize this method are still allocated allowances until the Acid Rain plan is integral. These allowances are non used by these workss but are sold back into the market at a monetary value whereby these workss make a net income. Ohio based Acme is an illustration of a works that has retired but is still having allowances that are so ld into the market.Previously installed ControlsSome workss already have an emanation rate that is lower than the others because of equipment or machinery they might hold installed in the yesteryear which reduces the degree of sulfur dioxide emitted into the ambiance. Installing new equipment or controls that cut down the degree of sulfur dioxide in the environment is another manner to follow with the regulations and ordinances set out in the Acid Rain plan by the EPA.DecisionThe Acid Rain plan has a few jobs since its debut but it has besides led to the lessening in S dioxide emanations in the environment. The job with Phase 1 was the complete allotment of allowances. The chief ground behind this was to promote houses to fall in the plan, which had been achieved by the beginning of Phase 2. The banked allowances that could be carried down to the following twelvemonth were an added inducement for companies. By the beginning of 2003, these banked allowances had about been exhausted a nd companies adapted by put ining new engineering and trading emanations. The Acid Rain plan gave companies the pick of taking the option that is cheapest for them, whether it is emissions trading or upgrading to the right engineering. Since its origin in 1970 up to the twelvemonth 2000, this resulted in cost nest eggs of $ 780 million when compared to a method of direct control in which the authorities would each person works precisely how much to cut down and how to make it. Additionally, sulfur dioxide emanations reduced by 4,531,328 dozenss. Harmonizing to the latest information, S dioxide emanations were 8 million dozenss lower in 2010 compared to the degrees they would hold been at if the plan had ne'er been implemented. In add-on $ 122 billion have been saved in footings of lower wellness costs and decreased use of scare resources. All this shows that the U.S Acid Rain plan has been a resonant success. As mentioned above, we see that the execution of the Acid Rain plan by the United States was an enterprise taken by the US in order to cut down the atmospheric degrees of S dioxide in the environment. This plan was a immense success as the end of cut downing sulfur dioxide in the ambiance was achieved. Other states should see this as an chance to follow into the footfalls of the United States. Environmental jeopardies such as acerb rain, air pollution and deforestation have been destructing our environment and it is clip that we do something about it. The Kyoto protocol by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) has been really effectual in contending planetary heating and cut downing the degree of nursery gases. The UNFCCC is an international environmental pact and the consequence of acid rain should be brought up at the conference that take topographic point. Acid rain is an environmental jeopardy which should be taken into consideration and be reduced otherwise it can hold inauspicious effects in the close hereafter non merely on marine life but every bit good as human life.

Ansoff Matrix Essay

Ansoff Matrix 3 BY arnab007 The Ansoff Matrix Providing strategic options is a role of the marketing plan, but how does the marketing team come up with bright ideas? Fortunately there is a simple tool that can help – the Ansoff Matrix. Developed in 1957 it still holds true today – a 2 x 2 matrix that guides planners in coming up with options. Basically, it gives you four options dependent on two variables – developing new products or entering new markets. New product development and entering new markets involve expense and therefore risk. They also produce risk to your brand – if an undertakers’ firm were to branch out into whoopee cushions their credibility as an undertaker would be scarred! Therefore, the further down or right on the grid you go, the higher the risk. When is a product entirely new or when is it Just an amendment? That is subjective, so Judgement must be used – a car manufacturer producing a new model probably doesn’t count as â€Å"new’ but if that same company were to launch a mission to Mars it may well do†¦ There is no guarantee of success for any plan, as highlighted below: Market Penetration You stay with the same product and keep selling it to the same people. So how do you grow? The answer comes from adjusting the marketing mix – maybe promoting yourself better, making the product better or lowering the price. It is the least risky option, but consequently is likely to reap the least reward. A good example of market penetration is Fuller’s London Pride – once a regional ale in the South East but now the best selling cask ale in the I-JK (CAMRA). They have done this by relying on a high quality product but increasing promotional activity – articularly advertising connected with sports events. On the other side is Rover – they kept selling similar cars to the same market but Just lost touch. The product was well-overtaken and badly promoted, and the results are there for all to see. The moral of the story? Even if you do nothing, make sure you do something! Product Development If you have a well-respected brand with your customers, it may be possible to sell them other things. This is probably the most common option to head in as companies can use the good will they have in the market to generate credibility. As long as the ew product in question isn’t too left-field, customers will like it. uality pens. For many people a Mont Blanc is the pen to have. The trouble is, once you have a fountain pen, ballpoint and a pencil, that is it. Mont Blanc’s quality means you may have the same pen for life, so you will never buy anything from them again. As a result, Mont Blanc decided to start selling you other things: cuff links, wallets, notebooks and so on. The same high quality prestige brand transferred to other products with great success. Possibly the world’s best-known brand got it seriously wrong when they launched a ew product . Coca Cola’s premium bottled water, Dasani, was launched their existing I-JK consumer market, but unfortunately they got it very wrong. Dasani was little more than bottled tap water and the fall-out hit Coca Cola hard. It wasn’t Coke’s first time though after the New Coca Cola debacle nearly ruined them. If you are going to launch a new product, make sure that it reflects your brand and won’t damage what you already have. Market Development Selling the same product to a new market is a tricky proposition, but a number of companies have done it very well. Guinness, Lucozade and Skoda have all managed to salvage weak brands by launching them into a new market. However the most successful repositioning was Sony PlayStation – a repositioning that was pre-planned, not firefighting. Sony had planned to sell PlayStations to children then, once the product life cycle had reached maturity, relaunch in the adult market – enter Lara Croft. Failed repositionings litter the history of marketing but, for me, the most interesting is that of cricket. Some marketing chaps went to America, saw baseball and thought Wow! That will make cricket trendy! Cricket clubs suddenly had silly names like Scorpions (what on Earth have scorpions got to do with Derbyshire anyway) and music was blasted out every time a run was scored. The youth market was not impressed. It was only when the core product was improved that cricket’s popularity returned – thanks be to Freddy Flintoff and co. Diversification So, you know nothing about the mark et you are selling to or about the product you are launching. Sounds like a recipe for disaster†¦ The risks of diversification are otentially grave, but the rewards can be enormous. Caterpillar used to make yellow diggers and bulldozers and sold them to construction companies. Now they sell boots to young adult consumers. Apple used to sell computers to graphic designers. Now they adorn the belt of Just about every 16-24 year old in the country with the iPod. The reward has been easy to see. When diversification goes wrong, you can be left with a feeling of: â€Å"What were they thinking? † Sir Clive Sinclair produced and sold one of the first home entertainment transport. Still, a C5 can be worth a fortune on EBay.